Biofuels are an attractive alternative to current petroleum-based fuels as they can be utilized as transportation fuels with little change to current technologies and have significant potential to improve sustainability and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The current research investigates the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass, such as rice straw, banana plant waste, corn cob and newspaper as a feedstock to produce a fuel ethanol (2nd generation), where ethanol is nowadays an important product in the fuel market. Agricultural biomasses were first tested, then a pilot scale experimental set-up was designed at RAKTA Company, Alexandria, in order to perform the necessary conversions. The biomass materials were characterized to contain 57.46% to 85.28% holocellulose and 14.55% to 26.12% lignin. Conversion of the cellulose to glucose was achieved by pre-treatment method for the agricultural residues first applying chemical pulping method then followed by two processes, namely acid hydrolysis and enzyme hydrolysis. Conversion of the glucose to ethanol during fermentation was accomplished by the action of yeasts. Ethanol production in the culture sample was monitored.